Jul 1, 2023 · AIT-2, a form of drug-induced destructive thyroiditis, occurs due to true toxicity from amiodarone rather than underlying thyroid disease as in AIT-1
Thyroid ultrasound scanning often reveals an increased thyroid volume, a hypoechoic
Amiodarone is an iodine-based, potent antiarrhythmic drug bearing a
is a uniquely effective antiarrhythmic drug,1–10 but it is also dangerously
Jean E Mulder, MD Literature review current through: Jan 2024
On ultrasound, a normal-sized thyroid was seen, with normal echogenicity and mildly increased blood flow
Treatment with amiodarone is associated with changes in thyroid
thyroid hormones whereas type 2 AIT is the result of excessive pre-formed thyroid hormone release due to a destructive thyroiditis mediated by amiodarone’s direct toxic effect on the thyroid
excessive exogenous thyroid hormone iatrogenesis or ingestion (e
It may be primary, in which the dysfunction pertains to the thyroid gland itself, or secondary, due to hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction 1
AIT1 is a form of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism with increased thyroid hormone synthesis, while AIT2 is a form of destructive thyroiditis with increased release
Thyroiditis is a general term that refers to “inflammation of the thyroid gland”
5 6 The estimated half-life of amiodarone is between 50 and 100 days
Doppler ultrasound has been shown to help in the differentiation of the etiology of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis develops in 3% of amiodarone-treated patients in the United States and in 10% of those living in iodine-deficient areas of the world
Most of the effects of amiodarone on thyroid function are thought to be due to the iodine load that is related to drug intake
radiation thyroiditis; thyroid surgery; drug-induced (e
TSH receptor antibodies were negative in
Ultrasound
These adverse effects may occur in patients with or without preexisting thyroid disease